我国土地政策对耕地可持续利用的影响

The Impact of the National Land Policy on the Sustainable Arable Land Use in China since1949

耕地变化受到诸如经济、人口、政策等因素的影响,但在中国,政策影响的痕迹更为明显。在高度集中的计划经济体制下,耕地的变化完全取决于中央计划的制定和实施情况,同时,领导决策、个人意志以及特殊政治事件等对耕地变化也有非常明显的改变作用。改革开放以后,我国逐步走入市场经济时代,耕地表象上是受经济利益驱动向收益高的土地利用类型转换,事实上,是国家制定的区域发展政策、产业发展政策和城市发展政策,决定了经济发展的方向和速度,进而决定和推动着耕地改变的方向及速度。同时,在"社会可持续发展"的指导思想下,国家通过一些保护性的法律或法规维持耕地不被过度改变。

It's well known that land-use and land-cover change is affected by lots of factors such as GDP, population and policy. In China, the policy plays a vital role on the change of land-use and land-cover. Clear and deep understandings about land-use and land-cover change in China can't be reached without the knowledge of the National land policy. Therefore, this paper reviews the National land policy relevant to land-use and land-cover including the five-year plans, special political affairs, policy and laws roundly from 1949 to 2002 in China. It can be seen that the National land policy affect the land-use and land-cover change by the following ways: firstly, the five-year plans determine the main direction of the land-use and land-cover by making industry and region developing policy and arranging the direction and emphasis of the investment in national capital construction; secondly, the special political affairs always make great affects on the change of land-use and land-cover; thirdly, the rule of laws and notices change one kind of the land-use and land-cover and then change the whole land-use and land-cover ; finally, the laws and bylaws are always trying to maintain the status of the land-use and land-cover. 