生成性思维:现代哲学的思维方式

Generative Thinking: The Mode of Thought in Modern Philosophy

近代哲学的世界观是一种科学主义世界观 ,从马克思开始 ,西方哲学出现了由科学主义世界观向生活世界观、由本质主义向生成性思维的转折。生成性思维是现代哲学的基本精神和思维方式 ,其特征为 :重过程而非本质 ,重关系而非实体 ,重创造而反预定 ,重个性、差异而反中心、同一 ,重非理性而反工具理性 ,重具体而反抽象主义。由于对生活和生成的不同理解 ,现代哲学形成了两种不同的生成观 :现代西方哲学所理解的生活世界主要是指人的日常生活 ,其生成性思维只见生成的非确定性 ,“遗忘”了生成的确定性 ;而对于马克思哲学来说 ,生活世界是一个以实践为基础的日常生活与非日常生活的统一 。

The world outlook of modern philosophy is scientific. Beginning with Marx, Western philosophy changed from a scientific to a life world outlook, and from essentialism to generative thinking. Generative thinking is the basic spirit and mode of thought in modern philosophy, and it is characterised by an emphasis on process rather than essence, on relationships rather than substance, on creation rather than predetermination, on individualism and difference rather than uniformity and unity, on non rationalism rather than instrumental rationalism, and on the concrete rather than the abstract. There are two different generative schools of modern philosophy and each has its own understanding of life and generation: The world of life as understood in modern Western philosophy refers mainly to the daily life of mankind, while generative thinking sees only the uncertainty of generation and “forgets” its certainty. In Marxist philosophy, the world of life is a unity of daily life and non daily life based on practice, and generative thinking is a unity of certainty and uncertainty.