中国古代专卖制度与重农抑商政策辨析

The Distinction between Ancient China's Sale Monopoly System and the Policy Emphasizing Agriculture at the Expense of Commerce

在研究中国经济史中的专卖制度与重农抑商政策时,不少学者将两者混为一谈,否定古代在实施专卖制度的同时也推行过重农抑商政策。其实,专卖制度与重农抑商的区别是极为明显的,二者既表现为实施动机上的不同,也表现为理论基础和实际应用的不同,两项政策长期并行不悖地推行和实施。学术界之所以出现片面的认识,一是忽视了对重农抑商要义的深刻理解,二是将重农抑商政策的内容看得过于宽泛。

Many scholars of ancient Chinese economic history confuse the sale monopoly system with the policy emphasizing agriculture at the expense of commerce so that they deny the fact that the latter did exist though the former was predominant. In actuality, despite the distinct differences in the respects of implementation motivation, theoretical basis and practical application, the two had run parallel for a long time while being practiced. The lopsided views of those scholars owed greatly to their poor understanding or overgeneralization of the policy emphasizing agriculture at the expense of commerce.