埃及与中国的近代教育比较分析

A Comparative Study on Egyptian and Chinese Education in Modern Times

埃及与中国都是享誉世界的文明古国。两国的自然条件、文化传统、社会环境等差异巨大 ,但近代教育的兴起和发展轨迹却有惊人的相似之处。近代教育源于欧洲 ,具有学科门类多、涵盖范围广、社会应用性强等特点。埃及的近代教育兴起于 19世纪初叶穆罕默德·阿里的改革与维新时期 ;中国的近代教育产生于 19世纪下半叶的“洋务运动”时期。对于两国来说 ,传统教育主要培养宗教人士、官员及知识分子 ,而近代教育则适应了社会经济发展的要求 ,培养各领域所需要的人才。埃及的近代教育有别于传统的伊斯兰文化教育 ,中国的近代教育有别于孔孟之道的强化灌输。

Both Egypt and China are renowned old civilizations. In spite of the fact that the two countries differ greatly in natural conditions, cultural traditions, and social environment, the ways in which modern education got started and developed in each country are surprisingly similar. Originating in Europe, modern education is characterized by multiplicity of disciplines, broad coverage, and practical applicability.Modern education in Egypt rose in the early 19th century, when Muhammad Ali launched his reform program, while in China it emerged in the latter half of the 19th century during the 'Westernization Movement.'For both countries, traditional education aimed at training religious personages, bureaucrats and intellectual elites while modern education met the demands of social and economical development by fostering qualified personnel for all trades of life.Just as modern education in Egypt differs from the traditional Islamic education, modern education in China differs from the doctrines of Confucius and Mencius.