都昌县堵汊蓄水工程对血吸虫病传播影响的研究

STUDIES ON THE INFLUENCE OF THE PROJECT OF BUILDING DIKE FOR STORING WATER TO SCHISTOSOMIASIS TRANSMISSION IN DUCHANG COUNTY

目的 阐明堵汊蓄水工程对血吸虫病传播的影响 ,为鄱阳湖控制工程对血防利弊关系提供实践依据。方法 收集都昌县新妙湖和西湖流域 41座有螺湖汊建坝蓄水后的水位以及螺情和病情资料 ;调查新妙湖区 2个自然村的血吸虫病流行现状 -人、畜感染率和钉螺密度 ;分析水位变幅与螺口消亡的相关性。结果 该县各湖汊建坝后的坝内最低限止水位为 12 - 13 m,最高水位在一般年份为 16- 18m,洪水年可达 19m以上 ;在被调查的 41座堵汊蓄水工程中 ,约有 5 0 %在 7年内达到无螺标准 ,全部无螺需 15 - 17年 ;病情下降趋势与螺情一致 ,且下降后无反弹现象 ,本次调查 2个自然村的人、畜粪检阳性率均为零 ,村旁洲滩无螺。结论 堵汊蓄水后不断出现的不利于钉螺生存和繁殖的水位年份 ,可导致有螺面积逐年压缩 。

Objective To determine the influence of the project of building dike for storing water to schistosomiasis transmission in the areas of lake bifurcation, in order to provide the practical basis of building 'Poyang lake schistosomiasis control project'. Methods The data of annual changes of water level and the historical snail situation inside the dike in the 41 lake bifurcations after building dam were collected. The snail density and the infection rate of residents and livestock in two natural villages inside the dike in Xinmiao Lake region were surveyed. The relationship between the annual changes of water level and the reduction of snail areas were analyzed. Results The lowest water level inside the dike in 41 projects mentioned above was 12-13 m,and the highest water level 16-18 m in general years and over 19 m in flood years. Among the 41 projects of building dike,there was no snail in about half projects within 7 years,there was no snail in all projects for 15-17 years. There was the consistent relationship between the decrease of snail areas and the infections rate of schistosomiasis in residents,and the trend of reduction was stable and continuous. There was no snail and no infection person or livestock in the two natural villages. Conclusion The project of building dike for storing water can not only develop agricultural production,but also control schistosomiasis.