宜兴南部山区露天采矿触发的地质灾害类型和形成条件

Types and formation conditions of the geological trouble in the opencut mining district of Southern Yixing

近十年来,宜兴市南部山区采矿业发展迅猛,所采矿种有石灰岩、大理岩、陶土、煤炭及煤矸石、石料等,这些非金属矿产多为露天开采,而且开采量巨大。采矿业的发展也带来了一系列环境问题,如地貌、植被、土地的破坏;水体和空气的污染;旅游景观的恶化;

The destruction to the geomorphologic landscapes in the mountain district of Southern Yixing is simply caused by artificial mining activity.In a decade,the rate of the large scale artificial destruction has greatly exceeded the rate of natural evolution.The intensity of geological agents from the gravity and flow water have sharpened in some unstable steep slops produced by the artificial mining operation.The geological troubles are usually divided into four types in the mining district i.e.landslide,collapse,earth flow and rolling down.They often occur in the rainy and winter seasons.Because the unreasonable methods are used to dig out ores and stones and to stack the waste stone and soil,the rock and soil masses have suddenly been displaced to the hillside along the surfaces of strata and faults,joint planes and other fissures or the planes of weakness when the gravity of rock and earth masses in slopes is on an unstable state.Therefore,the spasmod ic hazards happened many times resulting in heavy losses in the district.