结构损伤监测的研究现状与展望

A Review and Prospect of Damage Detection in Structures

为了从设计思想上保证结构具有良好的可监测性 ,使重要结构的安全运行确实得到保障 ,将损伤容限耐久性设计思想、现代智能测控技术、分布式数字信号处理技术和先进的在线故障诊断技术相结合 ,在总结相关学科领域研究进展的基础上 ,进行了多学科交叉和多方法、多技术的融合研究 。

Saftety analysis and assessment of engineering structures are generally conducted on the basis of the analysis of damage evolving from presumed initial defects in the materials and structures using fatigue or fracture mechanics theory.But it is difficult to ensure the service reliability due to the many uncertainties involved in the defects,loading history and environments.Fault diagnosis based on structural dynamic performance and other parameters or characters measured on line or at fields is frequently incorporated to ensure actual safety and avoid a catastrophic failure.But it is difficult to detect potential dangerous damage such as cracks in a large part of the service life.To overcome the problems,a fusion of damage tolerance and durability analysis and design,modern intelligent measurement and control techniques,distributed digital signals processing and advanced on line fault diagnosis technologies is necessary.In this paper,a conception of the detectability of a structural/detective system is proposed based on a review of the advances in related fields.By the fusion of the knowledge of damage tolerance and durability design and assessment with damage detection and fault diagnosis techniques,the probability of detectable damage and service reliability of structures will be increased.Finally,a perspective of further efforts at safety assurance of structures is outlined.