不同倍性苎麻形态与产量、品质性状的研究

Studies on Morphologic Characters and Yield and Quality Traits of Different Ploidy Materials of Ramie

对不同倍性苎麻的茎进行切片和组织离解显微观察结果表明 ,麻茎切面中麻皮所占百分率以单倍体最大 ,四倍体和二倍体次之 ,三倍体最小 ,分别为 2 8.91%、2 7.0 5 %、2 6 .97%和 2 4 .77% ;纤维层占截面面积百分率以二倍体最大 ,其次为单倍体 ,四倍体和三倍体最小 ,它们分别为 16 .80 %、16 .5 8%、15 .5 2 %和 13.78% ;纤维细胞直径和胞壁厚度随倍性的增加而增大 ;单纤维长度平均以二倍体最大 ,三倍体次之 ,单倍体最小 ,平均分别为 8.4 9、7.96和6 .93cm。L/B(长 /宽 )比率以二倍体最大 ,其次为单倍体 ,三倍体最小 ,平均值分别为 2 4 70 .7、2 390 .6和 16 16 .3,而单纤维宽度以单倍体最小 ,二倍体次之 ,三倍体最大 ,分别为 2 9.30、33.87和 4 9.2 0 μm ;同一倍性材料变化较大 ,有待进一步研究。对大田不同倍性苎麻材料生物学特性观察 ,结果表明 ,随着染色体倍性的增加平均分株数 /蔸有减少的趋势 ,而茎的平均粗度有增大的趋势 ,单倍体、二倍体、三倍体和四倍体每蔸分株数为 5 .83、5 .30、3.77和 3.6 5 ,平均茎粗分别为 0 .6 6、0 .6 7、0 .74和 0 .76cm ;平均高度以三倍体最高 ,其次为二倍体和四倍体 ,单倍体最矮 ;生长势以三倍体最强 ,二倍体和四倍体次之 ,单倍体最弱 ;抗寒性以四倍体最强 。

Ramie materials with different ploidy were anatomically examined and tissue macerated. The result shows that, in ramie stem transection, the bark area percentage was different. The percentage of haploids was the largest, next was tetraploids and diploids, that of triploids was the smallest, and they were 28.91%, 27.05 %, 26.97 % and 24.77%, respectively. The percentage of fiber layer area of diploids was the largest, next was haploids and tetraploids, that of triploids was the smallest, and they were 16.80%,16.58%, 15.52 % and 13.78%,respectively. Fiber cell diameter and cell wall thickness were increased with the increase of ploidy. The average length of fiber of diploids, triploids, and haploids was 8.49, 7.96 and 6.93 cm, respectively. L/B(length/breadth) of diploids were the largest, next was haploids, and triploids were smallest. And the L/B ratios were 2 470.7, 2 390.6 and 1 616.3, respectively. The width of fiber was positively correlated, with ploidy, it was 29.30, 33.87 and 49.20 μm, respectively, and the materials with same ploids level have a great diversity. Biological character of different ploidy ramie in the field were investigated and analysed. The result shows that tillering number/hill decreased and stem diameter increased with chromosome ploidy increase. The average tillering number/hill of haploids, diploids, triploids and tetraploids was 5.83, 5.30, 3.77 and 3.65, whereas the stem diameter was 0.66, 0.67, 0.74 and 0.76cm. The plant height of triploids were the largest, diploids and tetraploids were the next, and haploids were dwarf. The growth vigour of triploids was strongest; the next were diploids and tetraploids, haploids were weak. The coldhardness of tetraploids was the strongest, next were diploids, haploids and triploids were weak, haploids and triploid were sterile.