四种灌木状与四种乔木状棕榈植物热值的月变化

Monthly changes in the caloric values of the leaves of four shrubby and four tree-dwelling palmae species

对 4种灌木状棕榈植物 (香棕、袖珍椰子、棕竹、江边刺葵 )与 4种乔木状棕榈植物 (假槟榔、董棕、国王椰子、大王椰子 )叶的热值和灰分含量的月变化进行了研究。结果表明 :( 1 ) 8种植物叶的灰分含量存在差异且具有不同的月变化 ;从灰分含量的比较看 ,乔木类的 4种植物叶平均灰分含量分别为 :假槟榔 1 3.64%± 2 .94%、董棕 9.74%± 1 .90 %、国王椰子 9.1 2 %± 1 .1 8%、大王椰子 8.69%± 3.5 5 % ;灌木类的 4种植物叶平均灰分含量分别为 :棕竹 8.73%± 2 .5 2 %、袖珍椰子 8.67%± 1 .1 9%、香棕 8.63%± 1 .2 0 %、江边刺葵 7.60 %± 0 .98% ,乔木类植物 (除大王椰子外 )叶平均灰分含量高于灌木类的植物 ;( 2 )从干重热值的月变化来看 ,分 3种类型 :江边刺葵与棕竹有相反的变化趋势 ;假槟榔、董棕、袖珍椰子的月变化趋势相同 ;国王椰子、香棕、大王椰子具有各自的变化趋势 ;在 8种棕榈植物中 ,除香棕外 ,灌木类的植物平均干重热值大于乔木类 ;灌木类中 ,茎单生的江边刺葵干重热值高于茎丛生的棕竹、香棕和袖珍椰子 ;( 3)假槟榔、袖珍椰子、大王椰子的干重热值与灰分含量具有极显著的线性相关 ( P<0 .0 1 ) ,棕竹的干重热值与灰分含量有显著的线性相关 ( P<0 .0 5 ) ;而香棕、董棕、江边刺葵。

Monthly changes in the ash contents and caloric values of the leaves of 8 Palmae species(four shrubby species: Arenga engleri, Chamaedorea elegans, Rhapis excelsa and Phoenix roebelenii; four tree dwelling species: Archontophoenix alexandrae, Caryota urens, Ravenea rivularis and Roystonea regia) were discussed in this paper, and the results showed as follows: (1) The ash contents of the 8 Palmae species were different and varied with season; the annual average ash contents of the four tree dwelling species were 13 64%±2 94% for Archontophoenix alexandrae, 9 74%±1 90% for Caryota urens, 9 12%±1 18% for Ravenea rivularis, and 8 69%±3 55% for Roystonea regia; those of the four shrubby species were 8 73%±2 52% for Rhapis excelsa, 8 67%±1 19% for Chamaedorea elegans, 8 63%±1 20% for Arenga engleri, and 7 60%±0 98% for Phoenix roebelenii, respectively; the average ash contents of the four tree dwelling species (except for Roystonea regia ) were higher than those of the four shrubby species; (2) The 8 species had three types of monthly gross caloric value change trends: Archontophoenix alexandrae, Caryota urens and Chamaedorea elegans had similar monthly change trend, while Phoenix roebelenii and Rhapis excelsa had the opposite trends of monthly changes; the other three species ( Ravenea rivularis, Arenga engleri and Roystonea regia ) each had its own changing trend. The shrubby species had higher gross caloric value than the tree dwelling species except for Arenga engleri, of the shrubby species, Phoenix roebelenii (monaxial stem) had the highest gross caloric value (than Arenga engleri, Chamaedorea elegans and Rhapis excelsa (clumpy stem)); Seasonal changes in gross caloric values varied with various species; (3) Gross caloric values were correlated remarkably with ash contents for Archontophoenix alexandrae, Chamaedorea elegans and Roystonea regia (P <0 01), they were correlated for Rhapis excelsa (P <0 05), too, whereas there was no significant correlation between gross caloric values and ash contents for other species; (4) the average ash free caloric values of the shrubby species were 22 65±0 59 kJ/g for Phoenix roebelenii, 22 19±0 48 kJ/g for Chamaedorea elegans, 21 94±0 76 kJ/g for Rhapis excelsa and 21 35±0 75kJ/g for Arenga engleri, respectively; those of the tree dwelling species were 21 76±0 55kJ/g for Ravenea rivularis, 21 20±0 72kJ/g for Caryota urens, 21 12±0 52kJ/g for Archontophoenix alexandrae and 20 98±0 55 kJ/g for Roystonea regia respectively; the shrubby species had higher ash free caloric value than the tree dwelling species except for Arenga engleri. The seasonal changes in ash free caloric values were different from those in gross caloric values due to various ash contents in the leaves of the 8 Palmae species.