儿童呼吸道疾病流行病学调查分析

Epidemiological survey of the children with respiratory diseases

为了解儿童常见呼吸道疾病的发病情况,为防治提供依据,以随机、分层、不等比、整群抽样方法,调查温州市4个街道内0～14岁儿童10293名。结果:实际接受调查人数9947名。毛细支气管炎(简称毛支)、哮喘、反复呼吸道感染(RRI)、慢性咳嗽的患病率及饲养宠物猫或狗的比例分别为6.00％、1.24％、8.16％、3.31％与10.93％,其中16.08％的毛支患儿发展为哮喘;既往被诊断为哮喘或喘息性支气管炎的比例为4.51％,与本次调查确诊的患病率差异有显著性(X2=191.30,P<0.01);哮喘、RRI、慢性咳嗽在各年龄组患病率差异均有显著性(X2=60.45～148.64,P<0.01),以幼儿组、学龄前组为高(P<0.0045)。提示毛支与哮喘有密切相关性,诊断哮喘要严格掌握诊断标准,防止扩大化。呼吸道疾病流行情况的资料为今后群防群治和相关研究提供依据。

Respiratory diseases are common recurrent diseases seriously threatening the childhood health in our nation. To investigate the incidence of these common recurrent respiratory diseases and provide the basis for prevention and treatments random, different level,unequal ratio and whole population sampling method was applied on 10293 children aged 0-14 years from four districts in Wen zhou city with standardized protocol, steps and questionnaire. The children were registered at first, then, answered the written form of questionnaire from the investigator including the past history of bronchiolitis, recurrent respiratory infection (RRI), chronic cough, and raising pets (cat or dog) or the diagnosis of asthma and asthmatic bronchitis. The suspected patients were checked by the medical personnel in charge to confirm the diagnosis. All these data were imported into the computer with the unified form of soft ware and analysed by SPSS 10.0 for windows. Chi-square and Chi-square segment were used to compare the incidence in different diseases and different age groups. Actually 9947 children(5331 boys, 4616 girls) were investigated. The results showed as following : (1) The incidence of brochiolitis, asthma, RRI, chronic cough were 6.00%, 1.24%, 8.16% and 3.31%, respectively, 10.93% patients had the history of raising pets, 16.08% bronchiolitis patients developed asthma, 4.51% patients were once diagnosed as asthma or asthmatic bronchitis with significant difference in comparison with this study(x2= 191.30, P<0.01) . (2) There was significant difference on the incidence of asthma, RRI,chronic cough in different age groups(x2= 148.64, 64.14, 60.45,respectively, P all<0.01).The highest one was in the infant group and pre-school age group(P<0.01) . (3) There was great difference on the pet raising rate in different age groups(x2= 343.67, P<0.01) and elder age group was the highest(P <0.01). It was indicated : (1) RRI was the most common recurrent respiratory diseases. (2) Close relationship between bronchiolitis and asthma existed. However, the diagnosis of asthma should be strictly observed according to the criteria to prevent overdiagnosis. This epidemiological survey information could provide the population based prevention and treatment of respiratory diseases as well as the basis for further relevant study in future.