三系法籼粳亚种间杂种优势利用研究——Ⅰ.籼粳交不育与细胞质雄性不育的区别及其检测

Exploitation of Heterosis Between Indica and Japonica by Three-line Method I . Differentiation between Indica-Japonica Sterility and Cytoplasmic Male Sterility

对籼×粳(或粳×籼)、籼A×粳R(或粳A×籼R)和籼A×粳WCV杂种F_1雌、雄配子育性和小穗育性的鉴定结果表明,籼粳交不育与细胞质雄性不育是两种不同的遗传体系,雌配子败育与否可作为区分这两类不育性的一个主要标志。广亲和基因只能克服籼粳交不育,而恢复基因只能克服细胞质雄性不育。因此,通过三系法利用籼粳亚种间优势,必须同时利用广亲和基因和恢复基因。提出了用籼、粳不育系和保持系鉴定广亲和恢复系基因型的方法,并经实践验证有效。

The use of heterosis between indica and japonica by the three-line method concerns two types of sterility ,i. e. , cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) and sterility in crossing between indica and japonica (indica X japonica sterility, or IJS). In order to find their difference, pollen, female gamete and spikelet fertilities of F1 hybrids of indica X japonica, indica A line X japonica R line, japonica A line X indica R line and indica A line X japonica wide-compatibility (WC) line were examined. Female gamete fertility was identified by the difference in fertility between spikelets of artificial supplementary and natural pollination. According to , the results obtained, IJS and CMS have different genetic bases. The main difference is that the female fertility is normal in CMS but partially abortive in IJS. The sterility of the hybrids indica A X japonica R and japonica A X indica R is mainly ascribed to IJS, but that of indica A X japonica WC line, to CMS. This indicates that the restoring gene can only overcome CMS, while the WC gene can only overcome IJS. For the development of intersubspecies hybrids by the three-line method, it is necessary to use both the WC gene and the restoring gene. To identify the genotype of a WC restorer with indica and japonica sterile and maintain-er lines was proved valid in practice.