肉毒神经毒素及其相关医学防护问题

Botulinum neurotoxins and related problems of their medical protection

肉毒神经毒素 (BoNT)是厌氧梭菌产生的蛋白类外毒素 ,有A～G 7个血清型。它是目前自然界所发现的毒素 (包括化学毒物 )中毒性最强的物质。BoNT可引起严重的人类食物中毒 ,称为肉毒中毒 (botulism)。以气溶胶形式施放的BoNT ,可作为有效的生物毒素战剂 ,也是生物恐怖分子最有可能使用的生物恐怖病原之一。本文对BoNT的病原与流行病学、结构特征与作用方式、致病与临床症状。

Botulinum neurotoxin(BoNT),which produced by anaerobic bacterium Clostridium botulinum ,is a protein toxin that causes the most severe form of food poisoning, called botulism. The toxin is classified into seven serotypes (from A through G) and is the most poisonous toxin known to man including chemical poisons in the nature. BoNT can be an effective biological warfare or bioterrorism agent when it is released by aerosolization. The review covers the pathogens producing BoNT, and BoNT′s epidemiology,structural organization and features,mechanism of action, clinical symptoms, as well as the detection and medical protection.