刚毛柽柳群落特征及其生态、生理适应性

Characters of Tamarix hispida Willd Communities and Its Ecological & Physiological Adaptation

对新疆境内柽柳属植物的分布与群落类型进行了研究,结果表明:①刚毛柽柳喜盐、耐水湿,多分布在河流两岸、湖沼边缘等地下水位较高、盐分较重的地区,并形成以其为建群种的盐漠;②群落植物组成贫乏,以古地中海退却过程中发展起来的地中海至中亚成分为主,多为旱生植物或盐地植物;③在前人工作基础之上,根据群落种类组成与生境相结合的分析结果,将刚毛柽柳群落划分为3大群丛组;④刚毛柽柳对盐碱生境的适应是由于体内具有某些生理调节功能,如通过积累渗透调节物质Pro、调控离子通道、调节细胞膜透性、降低水势等多种途径来抵抗水分胁迫,通过根部拒盐、体内耐盐及泌盐腺泌盐来达到耐盐碱的目的;⑤刚毛柽柳盐漠属于比较脆弱的生态系统,仅具有相对稳定性,要加以保护。

The ecological and physiological adaptations of Tamarix hispida Willd and characters of its communities are studied through field investigation. The following results are obtained: ① T. hispida is a salttolerant shrub, and often distributes on river or lake bank. ② The floristic composition of community is very simple, the fundamental component is the Mediterranean and CentralAsian elements and the majority of them are xerophytes or halophytes that developed during the ancient Mediterranean withdrew. ③ According to salt content and underground water depth, three subcommunities are provided. ④ The adaptation to salt environment of T. hispida lies in resisting water loss and regulating salt contents in the body. ⑤ T. hispida salt desert is relatively frail and should be prevented from overgrazing or overdisafforesting. At last, a distribution map of T. hispida in Xinjiang is given in the paper.