西北地区生态修复对策探讨

A Study on Countermeasures for Ecological Rehabilitation in Northwest China

西北地区水资源与生态环境问题多样且严重,主要表现在水资源供需矛盾尖锐;水土流失严重,土地荒漠化加剧;草地退化严重;水污染问题日益突出等。分析了西北地区存在的各种生态问题及其本质,并探讨了其形成机制。提出了西北地区生态修复对策:加强空中水、地表水、地下水和污水的综合利用;建立节水型的社会体系;调整产业结构,建立特色经济体系;建立流域水资源统一管理机构,合理配置水利工程;稳定现有灌溉面积,提高用水效率;粮食生产,总体平衡,区内调节;合理确定水价,发挥经济杠杆作用,建立生态产业发展机制;加强水土流失、土地荒漠化的防治;控制人口增长,提高人口素质,实施必要的生态移民工程。

There are many serious problems of the ecological environment in Northwest China, which present mainly as follows: the contradiction between water supply and demand; soil erosion; land desertification and water pollution etc. All kinds of the above problems, and their essence and causing mechanisms are analyzed deeply. The countermeasures for ecological rehabilitation are brought forward as follows: strengthening the synthesis utilization of air water, surface water and groundwater through understanding the features of the water cycle in Northwest China; constituting a social system of water economized use; adjusting the industry structure and constructing a characteristic economic system; organizing basin water resources uniform with government organization and deploying irrigation engineers with reason; keeping the existing irrigation area and increasing the efficiency of water use, sustaining the general balance of grain production in Northwest China and market adjustments; assigning water price with reason and constituting a development mechanism for the ecological industry; strengthening prevention and control of soil erosion and land desertification; and controlling increase and improving the condition of the population, implementing imported ecological engineering.