摘要
西北地区水资源与生态环境问题多样且严重,主要表现在水资源供需矛盾尖锐;水土流失严重,土地荒漠化加剧;草地退化严重;水污染问题日益突出等。分析了西北地区存在的各种生态问题及其本质,并探讨了其形成机制。提出了西北地区生态修复对策:加强空中水、地表水、地下水和污水的综合利用;建立节水型的社会体系;调整产业结构,建立特色经济体系;建立流域水资源统一管理机构,合理配置水利工程;稳定现有灌溉面积,提高用水效率;粮食生产,总体平衡,区内调节;合理确定水价,发挥经济杠杆作用,建立生态产业发展机制;加强水土流失、土地荒漠化的防治;控制人口增长,提高人口素质,实施必要的生态移民工程。
There are many serious problems of the ecological environment in Northwest China, which present mainly as follows: the contradiction between water supply and demand; soil erosion; land desertification and water pollution etc. All kinds of the above problems, and their essence and causing mechanisms are analyzed deeply. The countermeasures for ecological rehabilitation are brought forward as follows: strengthening the synthesis utilization of air water, surface water and groundwater through understanding the features of the water cycle in Northwest China; constituting a social system of water economized use; adjusting the industry structure and constructing a characteristic economic system; organizing basin water resources uniform with government organization and deploying irrigation engineers with reason; keeping the existing irrigation area and increasing the efficiency of water use, sustaining the general balance of grain production in Northwest China and market adjustments; assigning water price with reason and constituting a development mechanism for the ecological industry; strengthening prevention and control of soil erosion and land desertification; and controlling increase and improving the condition of the population, implementing imported ecological engineering.
出处
《水土保持通报》
CSCD
北大核心
2003年第3期11-15,共5页
Bulletin of Soil and Water Conservation
基金
中国科学院知识创新工程项目(KZCX1-10-03)
中国科学院"百人计划"项目(编号:2000)
国家自然科学基金(50279049)
关键词
生态环境
形成机制
修复对策
中国西北地区
ecological environment
causing mechanism
rehabilitation countermeasures
Northwest China