我国古代医生社会地位变化及对医学发展的影响

Changes of physician's position in ancient China and its influence on development of medicine

医生的职责在夏至西周时期是由巫医兼任的 ,巫医在当时有着极为显要的地位 ;东周至西汉前期 ,医生的社会地位较巫医有所下降 ,但仍有相当的地位 ,并且活动相当自由 ;西汉中期以后至唐五代 ,随着儒家思想成为封建社会的正统思想 ,这一时期医生地位明显下降 ,对医学的发展产生了消极的影响 ;宋元统治者重视医学 ,医生社会地位大为提高 ,推动了此时期医学的发展 ;明清医生社会地位空前下降 ,是这一时期医学发展的一个消极因素。

The duty of physician during the Xia and western Zhou dynasties was undertaken concurrently by witch physician who occupied a very powerful and influential position. In the Eastern Zhou to Western Han dynasties, physician's position was, however, still inferior than the witch physician, however, physician was still free to practice, with considerable high social position. The periods from mid Western Han to Tang dynasties, as Confucianism became the orthodox ideology of the feudal society, physician's position is markedly lowered, with negative influence to the development of medicine. The rulers of the Song-Yuan dynasties paid high attention to medicine, thus, physician's social position was greatly upgraded, thus promoting the development of medicine. The position of physician in the Ming-Qing dynasties was unprecedentedly dropped, becoming a very negative factor to the development of medicine.