简论美国西部文学中的自然写作

在19世纪初的美国文学中,由于浪漫主义赋予了荒野以新的意义,人们对荒野的感受发生了变化。在这样的背景下,美国文化界进行野外调研的三股主要潮流汇聚到一起,产生了美国自然写作。20世纪美国的自然写作得到发展,成为一种公认的写作体裁。从事自然写作的西部作家们不仅表现了对文学中美的追求,而且探讨了土地、环境的价值和对自然界的伦理观,教育人们要理顺荒野与文明的关系,善待地球,呵护自然,从而奠定了当今生态文学创作与批评在美国文学界占牢一席之地的厚实基础。

In American literature of the early 19th century,changes took place in the feeling of people for the wilderness because of the new meanings of wilderness given by romanticism.In such background,three main currents of intellectual field investigation came together and produced the American nature writing.In the 20th century,American nature writing developed and became a recognized writing genre.The Western writers who engaged in nature writing not only expressed their pursuit of the beauty in literature,but also explored the value of land and environment and the ethical viewpoints of nature and taught people to comprehend the relationship between wilderness and civilization and to protect the earth and nature,thus laying solid foundations for the position of the present ecological literature creation and criticism in the realm of American literature.