高稳定性卷盘喷灌机单喷头喷洒车设计

Design for stability single nozzle sprinkler cart of hose reel irrigator

针对国产卷盘式喷灌机最常采用的单喷头钢架拼接式喷洒车在运行过程中受到喷头压力水后坐力、螺旋盘管扭曲的作用力和地面坡度等环境的作用而出现的弯扭、翻倾等问题,克服在喷头车上直接安装水泥配重块这一传统解决方案带来的成本提高、造型笨重粗糙等不足,从喷洒车的具体结构推导出影响其稳定性的理论因素.建立了单喷头喷洒车的三点支撑型式和五点支撑型式2种主要车架拓扑结构模型.以安装摇臂式喷头的喷洒车为例,考虑地面与车轮之间的摩擦因素,对一定坡度工况下运行的车体进行受力和受弯矩的平衡稳定性分析,将最大不翻倾临界坡度角作为衡量喷洒车稳定性高低的指标,基于Matlab平台对影响稳定性的重心高度、前后支撑点距离等因素进行了优化,表明喷洒车的最大不翻倾临界坡度角提高了39.53%,优化后喷洒车的稳定性得到增强.成果可为高稳定性喷洒车的设计优化提供有益的借鉴.

Hose reel irrigators made in China play an important role in irrigation in our country presently. However,the cart carried single nozzle sprinkler of hose reel irrigators is often twisted and overturned due to the reaction forces generated by the sprinkler and hose and the field slope. Traditionally,this disability problem is overcome by installing a cement counterweight block on the body of the cart.This solution increases costing and results in a heavy cart with coarse appearance. The theoretical factors affecting the cart stability were derived from the detailed structure of a sprinkler cart. For a cart,two kinds of topological structure models,namely three supporting points and five supporting points,were established. Focusing on a cart for single sprinkler,the equilibrium of cart stability was analysed when it is working in a field with a certain slope. The theoretical factors such as the height of gravity centre and the distance between front and rear supporting points were optimized based on the critical slope angle at which the cart doesn't overturn. The optimized results show that the critical slope angle is enlarged by about 39. 53%,and the stability of the cart is enhanced greatly. An indoor test showed that the actual stability of the cart has been improved significantly.