新疆滴灌施肥棉花生长和产量的水肥耦合效应

Effects of water- fertilizer coupling on field cotton growth and yield under fertigation in Xinjiang

在新疆石河子棉花种植区,研究了滴灌施肥棉花生长和产量的水肥耦合效应.试验设置3个灌水水平和5个NPK施肥水平.结果表明,滴灌施肥条件下,灌水量对株高、有效铃数、百铃质量、籽棉产量、水分利用效率和灌溉水利用效率影响均在0.05水平下具有统计学意义,对叶面积指数的影响在0.01水平下具有统计学意义,其变化随着灌水量的增加而增加;施肥对株高、叶面积指数、有效铃数、百铃质量和籽棉产量影响在0.01水平下具有统计学意义,水肥交互作用对单株有效铃数、百铃质量和籽棉产量影响在0.01水平下具有统计学意义.施肥过高对作物生长有一定的抑制作用.灌水量为60%ETc,施肥量为300 kg/hm2∶120 kg/hm2∶60 kg/hm^2(ωN∶ωP_2O_5∶ωK_2O)时氮、磷、钾的利用效率均最高,灌水量为100%ETc,施肥量为150 kg/hm2:60 kg/hm^2∶30 kg/hm^2(ωN∶ωP_2O_5∶ωK_2O)时氮、磷、钾养分回收率最高.从产量、水分利用效率和肥料偏生产力等角度综合考虑,灌水量100%ETc、300 kg/hm2∶120 kg/hm^2∶60 kg/hm2(ωN∶ωP_2O_5∶ωK_2O)为最佳滴灌施肥策略.

A field experiment was conducted to study the effects of water and fertilizer coupling on fieldcotton growth and yield under fertigation in Xinjiang. The experiment designed three irrigation water levels and five NPK fertilizer application levels. The results show that the irrigation water has a significant effect on plant height,effective bolls,100-bolls weight,seed cotton yield,water use efficiency( WUE) and irrigation water use efficiency( IWUE). It has an extremely significant effect on the leaf area index,which increased as the irrigation water increased. Fertilization has an extremely significant effect on the plant height,leaf area index,effective bolls,100-bolls weight and seed cotton yield. The effect of the coupling of water and fertilization on effective bolls,100-bolls weight and seed cotton yield reaches an extremely significant level. There is an adverse effect of overfertilization on crop growth.The highest nutrient use efficiency was obtained with the irrigation water 60% ETcand fertilizer rate300 kg / hm^2∶ 120 kg / hm^2∶ 60 kg / hm^2( ωN∶ ωP^2O^5∶ ωK_2O),while the irrigation water 100% ETcand fertilizer rate 150 kg / hm2∶ 60 kg / hm^2∶ 30 kg / hm^2( ωN∶ ωP_2O_5∶ ωK_2O) received the highest nutrient recovery rate.The irrigation water 100% ETcand fertilizer rate 300 kg / hm^2∶ 120 kg / hm^2∶ 60 kg / hm^2( ωN∶ ωP^2O^5∶ ωK_2O) is the best fertigation strategy for cotton in Xinjiang.