国家需要、部门利益与科学家自主性的调适——以中国科学院化学研究所的筹建与初期发展为中心的探讨

Coordination Among National Needs, Sectional Benefits and Scientists' Autonomy: A Study on the Creation of Institute of Chemistry Under Chinese Academy of Sciences

1953年,中国科学院从事化学研究的第5个机构——化学研究所——在北京酝酿筹建;3年以后,各项工作开始正常运行。在筹建过程中,功能不同的群体——科学家与科学管理者——之间、利益不同的群体——科学家与科学家——之间各种认识、主张不断斗争、不断协调,直至最终取得某种平衡。由此可以看出,新中国成立以后,政府利用极其有限的人力、物力资源,为建立一个与新的经济体制和政治体制相适应的新的科研体制所作的尝试。

In 1953, Institute of Chemistry, the fifth institute focusing on chemistry in Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) , was planned to be created. Three years later, research works in the new institute began. Various opinions from groups with different functions or benefits, such as scientists vs. scientific administrators and scientists among themselves, had been contending and coordinating unceasingly throughout the creating process of the institute until a certain balance was finally obtained . Looking back upon the institute' s creation is helpful for one to understand the attempt of the government in utilizing very limited manpower and material resources for creating a new scientific system, in conformity with the economical and political structures in 1950s' China.