摘要
通过水蒸汽蒸馏法、减压蒸馏法和索氏提取法三种不同挥发油提取方法的出油率的比较 ,发现索氏提取挥发油的出油率最高。用索氏提取法提取大蒜、芦荟、花椒、苦楝皮的挥发油 ,并将大蒜和芦荟的挥发油对谷蠹、赤拟谷盗和书虱的杀虫效果与花椒和苦楝皮的杀虫效果进行比较 ,结果发现 :无论对哪一种昆虫的种群 ,大蒜挥发油抑制或触杀作用均最好。芦荟提取物仅对谷蠹的种群抑制效果较好 ,而对赤拟谷盗和书虱的种群抑制或触杀效果均不如花椒和苦楝皮的挥发油。实验说明了大蒜是一种可进一步开发的植物源农药资源。用柱层析从大蒜挥发油中分离出 5种粗组分 ,以 2号粗组分的杀虫效果最好。
Three different methods (steam distillation,Soxhlet extraction,decompress steam distillation) were used to extract plant volatiles.The percentage of getting volatiles by the three methods were analyzed.The results showed that the percentage of getting volatiles using Soxhlet extraction was the highest.Four Chinese herbal medical plant,Zanthoxylum piperitum,Ipomoea nil Roth,Azadirachta indica Adr.Juss,Allium sativum L.and aloe were studied. The effect of the five plant volatiles on population inhibiting and killing by touch to three insects,Rhizopertha dominica Fbricius,Tribolium confusum(Herbst)and Troctes divinatorius Muller,was studied.The results showed that the effect of Allirm sativum L. on the three insects was the best.Aloe extract has the good effect against R.dominica,but the effect against T.castaneum and Liposcelis was not compared with Zanthaxylum piperitum and Azadirachta indice extracts.Column chromatography was used to primarily separate the volatile of Allium sativum L.,and five crude extracts were gotten.The five crude extracts were analyzed by gas chromatography(GC-112A)with capillary column(SE-54 30m×0.25um×0.2um) and FID.The result showed that there were more than three chemical components in each crude extract.The killing effect of No.2 was the best.The result of analysis by GC-MS showed that there were five chemical sulphur components
出处
《粮食储藏》
2003年第3期14-17,共4页
Grain Storage
