何处是生活?——从契诃夫小说人物命运看其宗教态度

Where is the Life?——Exploring Chekhov’s Attitude towards Religion from the Characters’ Fates in His Works

契诃夫19世纪90年代末的精神危机,是他库页岛之行的一个重要动力。而此时,作为一个无神论者,他也开始思考信仰之类的问题。在他之后的小说创作中,他否定形而上的宗教哲学观,反对当时社会流行的社会达尔文主义,同时也与以往追随的托尔斯泰'勿以暴力抗恶'划清界限,寻找生活的意义。日益加深的精神危机使得他不停地寻找,追问什么才是真正的人的生活。通过文本细读发掘契诃夫的思想变化脉络,并结合作家本人的生平,或许'不停地寻找'本身才是他的信仰方向。

Chekhov Anton had spirit crisis in 1890s, which was a important reason for him to Sakhalin. As a skeptic, this was the first time for him to think about belief seriously. In his late works, he deny Metaphysical Religion and Social Darwinism, which was quite prevailing in that time, and also he betrayed Tolstoy ism. The spirit crisis enforced him to find and ask what is real life for human. Combining the activities of Chekhov himself, and exploring his mind change by analyzing his works, endless seeking may be the direction to his faith.