虚世浮舟——论《浮世画家》中“我”的消极性精神防御机制

Floating Boat in Windy World——On Negative Mental Defense Mechanisms in An Artist of the Floating World

《浮世画家》的故事并不遵循线性时间的叙述模式,而是在现实与回忆间跳跃与穿梭,书中的'我',既是置身事内的主人公,也是置身事外的叙述者,因此书中的叙述就不可避免地沾染上了'我'的气息。任何叙述都无外乎一种选择与策略,说与不说,怎么说与为什么说都或隐或现地体现着叙述者的心理状态,因而通过'我'的话语来分析其精神状态就成为了可能。通读全书,会心的读者自会发现萦绕其中的一股浮生若梦的独特气氛,叙述者的精神世界充斥着由谎言和假象编织的网,仿佛一片虚幻之世,而叙述者本人则正是蜗居于这虚世中飘飘何所似的一苇浮舟,这种观感多少是拜叙述者那消极而又颓唐的精神防御机制所赐。简单而言,叙述者'我'的消极性精神防御机制可以分为以下三类:话题回避机制、记忆操纵机制与价值暧昧机制,而这三种机制又呈现出层层递进的复杂关系。

The story of An Artist of the Floating World is not totally arranged by linear time.It wanders between actual time and past memories.‘I’in this book is not only a hero inside but also a narrator outside.Thus,inevitably,the narration in this novel is related to‘I’and‘my’mental world.Narration can also be comprehended as a kind of selection or strategy.How to say and what to say can tell mental state of a narrator,secretly or plainly.After reading the novel,readers with intelligence can find a dreamy atmosphere.This atmosphere shows the narrator’s mental world,which is full of lies and illusion.It is safe to say it is the narrator’s negative mental defense mechanisms that cause such feelings in reading.In short,there are three kind of mental defense mechanisms used:topic avoiding,memory controlling and value blurring.These three mental defense mechanisms together appear a complex progressive relationship.