酵母菌对果蔬采后病害防治的研究进展

Research advances on the biological control of postharvest diseases of fruits and vegetables with yeast

该文对酵母菌对果蔬采后病害防治的研究现状进行了综述 ,其中包括防治效果、防治机理、防治的优势及最新研究成果。许多酵母菌对果蔬采后病害具有明显的抑制作用 ,酵母菌抑制霉菌的机理主要在于营养与空间的竞争、对病原菌的直接寄生作用及诱导寄主产生抗病性。酵母菌与其它生防微生物相比 ,具有拮抗效果好、不产生毒素、可以和化学杀菌剂共同使用等优点。使用生物工程技术改造拮抗酵母菌从而提高其生防效果 ,是酵母菌对果蔬采后生物防治的最新研究领域。该文还指出了酵母菌对果蔬采后生物防治存在的问题 ,并对未来的研究提出了新的思路。

This paper discusses the approaches to the biological control of postharvest diseases of fruits and vegetables with yeast, including biological effectiveness, biological mechanism, predominance and the recent research achievements of yeast used in postharvest biocontrol. The main mode of action of the yeast biocontrol agents against pathogen was considered as the competition for space and nutrients, direct parasitism and induced resistance in the host. In comparison with other antagonists, yeast biocontrol agents have shown great potential for the control of postharvest decay of fruits and vegetables, which are due to better biocontrol efficacy, producing no antibiotics. Furthermore, they can be used in combination with fungicide. Improving the biocontrol efficacy by biological engineering is the recent research field of biocontrol of postharvest diseases of fruits and vegetables with yeast. This paper also presents the problems of yeast used in postharvest biocontrol, and suggests new ideas for future research.