属灵的冲突来自属物的冲突——东南亚宗教冲突初探

Conflict of Interest or Conflict of Beliefs:Survey on Religious Conflict in Southeast Asia

宗教问题和民族问题将是 2 1世纪困扰人类社会最复杂的问题 ,东南亚是一个多宗教的地区 ,婆罗门教、佛教、伊斯兰教、天主教都曾经在东南亚盛行一时 ,东南亚国家在独立以后 ,一些国家内部的宗教冲突一直连续不断 ,特别是 2 0世纪 6 0、 70年代泰国南部地区穆斯林和佛教徒之间的冲突 ;70、 80年代菲律宾南部的穆斯林和天主教徒之间的冲突和 90年代末印度尼西亚马鲁古群岛穆斯林和基督教徒之间的冲突 ,导致社会的激烈动荡 ,带来了经济、文化等方面的重大损失。本文通过分析 6 0年代到 90年代在东南亚地区发生的不同宗教教徒之间的冲突 ,阐释产生冲突的历史渊源 ,并从制度的角度观察精神世界的冲突。笔者认为属于精神层面的宗教冲突在很大程度上来自一些制度层面的失误。因此 ,解决宗教冲突的关键并不是单纯地针对精神层面的因素 ,解决宗教冲突的外部原因比解决宗教的内部原因更为重要。

The influence of religion in Southeast Asia is one of the most complicated matters, which the scholars cannot skip when they discuss the social issues in this region. In the history of Southeast Asia, Brahmanism, Buddhism, Islam and Catholicism have millions of followers in different nations. After the countries became independent, the religion conflicts occurred incessantly in the area where more than one religion existed. During 1960s and 1970s, the Muslim fought with Thai government in Patani, southern Thailand, because of tax and education. During 1970s and 1980s, the Muslim separatism brought a lot of trouble to Marcos government in Mindanao, southern Philippines, because of the land. In the end of 1990s, many people died in the conflict between the Christians and the Muslims in Ambon of Indonesia because of the political and economic turbulence. All these conflicts hurt the social development process in these countries.In this paper, the author analyzes the historic and systemic reasons of religious conflicts. The author considers that differences of religious beliefs are the superficial reason of the above-mentioned conflicts. Some secular interest conflicts perform through the religious form. Solving the conflict of interest is much more important than that of the conflict of religion.