准物权的理论问题

准物权同典型物权相比具有较大的特殊性 ,但仍然属于物权范畴。准物权较特许物权、特别法上的物权的命名优点明显。观察和界定准物权的客体 ,宜采取多视角模式、时空结合观、宽严相宜的弹性标准、注重客体内部构成因素变化的方法。准物权在权利构成上大多具有复合性。准物权的产生离不开所有权这个母权 ,也时常需要行政许可 ,前者起“遗传”和“分娩”的作用 ,后者具有“催生”和确认的功能。准物权客体之上竖立的所有权就是准物权的母权。准物权具有排他效力、优先效力和物上请求权 ,但有特殊性 ,物权的追及效力极少适用。关于准物权的单行法总体上属于行政法 ,但它们建构的基石却是准物权。渔业法、野生动物保护法等未从渔业权、狩猎权的层面规定 ,使其行政法规范的大厦不稳 ,存在结构性缺陷 。

Compared with typical one, the quasi-property has some special characteristics. It is proper to view and classify the object of quasi-property in a multi-standpoint mode. The emerging of quasi-property is dependent on ownership, and often arising out of administrative permission. The property based on the object of quasi-property is the mother of quasi-property. Quasi-property has exclusiveness, priority and claiming right on property, and has exceptions too. The legislation stipulating the quasi-property is administrative law in nature, although its foundation is quasi-property. Fishing Law and Wild Animal Protection Law does not regulate from the starting point of fishing right and hunting right, so they have structural defects, their legislative aims are difficult to achieve.