论葛兰西“民族—人民的”文化观

On the Theory of Mass Culture of Antonio Gramsci

葛兰西以文艺的批判性研究为立足点,从"民族—人民的"文学中总结民族的、人民的文化,使人民从自己的文学中领悟文化意识。因此,"民族—人民的"文化是指被他肯定并积极倡导的民族的、人民的、大众的文化,是和大众的情感和生活紧密相连并有着自身世界观和价值观的文化。他的文化领导权是要让民族—人民以文化自觉的方式促进形成合理的大众社会。葛兰西的文化理论对英国文化研究以及德国法兰克福学派的批判理论产生过深远的影响,尤其是文化研究学派以"葛兰西转向"的命名肯定了其文化理论的价值所在。

Antonio Gramsci is an influential Marxist theorist in Italy. His cultural theory of 'National-Popular' has profoundly influenced British cultural studies and critical theories of Frankfurt School. This paper tries to look back on popular cultural theory origin-Gramsci's 'National-Popular' theory from the point of cultural studies. He considers that culture is a life style which is accompanied by human's world view and values. His hegemony theory provids the compass for the mass society whose production needs 'National-Popular' culture reflects in 'National-Popular' literature which is the key point of Gramsci's theory through the critical literary theory. The influential cultural studies after Gramsci prove the value of popular culture by 'Gramsci Turn'.