《红楼梦》“兼美”思想对清代忆语体小说的影响

A Study on the Infl uence of “Perfection” in A Dream of Red Mansions on Memory Novels in Qing Dynasty

《红楼梦》通过笔下人物塑造所提出的"兼美"思想,蕴含了极其丰富的象征隐喻意义,对此前贤已多有论述。本文着重讨论《红楼梦》"兼美"思想对清代忆语体小说的影响,具体以沈复《浮生六记》、陈裴之《香畹楼忆语》、蒋坦《秋灯琐忆》为例,结合作者生平交游和诗词作品,分析此类小说对"兼美"思想的接受;并进而探讨真正的"兼美"不可能存在于现实世界,《红楼梦》是为此,而清代忆语体小说所塑造的"兼美"女性,不过是失意文人的梦幻想象。

There are lots of discussions on the concept of 'perfection' with its rich symbolism and metaphors by the characterization in A Dream of Red Mansions. This assay stresses the infl uence of 'perfection' on memory novels in Qing Dynasty, taking examples of 'Six Chapters of a Floating Life' by Shen Fu, 'Memories in Xiangwan Building' by Chen Peizhi and 'The Autumn Light Memories' by Jiang Tan. The essay discusses the three authors' daily life and poetic works, analyses their reception of the concept 'perfection', and concludes that the ideal of 'perfection' is impossible to be realized in real life. This impossibility manifests not only in A Dream of Red Mansions, but in memory novels in Qing Dynasty as well. The perfected females created by these memory novels are only the authors' fancy.