孔子大同之世与马克思的理想社会——“马儒”的人文主义社会理想

The Great Harmony of Confucius and the Ideal World of Marx:On the Humanistic Social Ideal of Confucius and Marx

儒学的"尧舜之世"(亦称为"大同"社会)出于对中国古代社会的赞美,表达了儒学对现实社会"礼崩乐坏"的批判。而马克思的社会发展理论则从欧洲传统的空想社会主义而来,从社会主义到共产主义,是以社会生产形态为主要判断的理想社会。两者都有共同的人文主义批判性。马克思批判了资本主义"理想王国"。不可忽视的是,在这种批判中又都有人文主义的社会理想蓝图。他们的人文理想社会对世界文明中影响巨大的宗教模式有解构功能,无论是基督教世界末日论还是天堂天国、佛教来世转生和成佛等宗教图式都面临这种人文主义理想社会的挑战。这种人文主义精神的共通之处构成马克思主义对儒学阐释的基础。马儒所提出的世界大同与理想社会,与习近平的"人类命运共同体"观念也有深刻关联。

The Great Harmony proposed by Confucianism is a praise of Chinese ancient society and a criticism on the 'ceremony disintegration' of the society,while Marx's social development theory,originating from Utopian Socialism of European tradition,is about an ideal society based on social productive modes.These two modes of ideal are common in humanistic criticism.What is not to be ignored is that the criticism also embodies a social blueprint of humanism.Their humanistic ideal society is a deconstruction of the religions which have a great influence on the world civilization,whether it is the Doomsday's or the Heaven's Theory of Christianity,the Reincarnation Theory of Buddhism,all of which face the challenge of the humanistic ideal society.The Great Harmony Theory and the ideal society proposed by Confucius and Marx is helpful for the study of 'The Human Community of Shared Destiny' by Chairman Xi Jinping.