杂交水稻超高产育种中性状选择的研究

STUDIES ON CHARACTER SELECTION IN SUPERHIGH-YIELD BREEDING OF HYBRID RICE

水稻品种间及亚种间组合的单株产量及其他主要经济性状都还有很大的改良潜力。选育强优势的品种间组合仍是进一步提高杂交水稻产量的一条有效途径。根据研究结果,本文指出了选育品种间及亚种间强优势超高产组合的性状选择关键,并对亲本选配进行了讨论。杂交水稻超高产组合的选育,利用亚种间优势目前以主攻籼爪交为宜。待籼粳杂种的籽粒充实较差这一难题解决之后,再主攻籼粳交选育优势更强的超高产组合。本文还提出通过株型育种、生理育种提高籼粳杂种植株体内“源”和“流”的水平,是解决亚种间组合籽粒充实度差的可行途径。

The single plant yield and other main economic characters of interspecific and intersubspecific combinations in rice have great potential for improvement. The selection of interspecific combinations with powerful heterosis is still an effective way so far to raise the yield of hybrid rice. The key of character selection in interspecific and intersubspecific combinations with powerful heterosis and superhigh yield is proposed in this paper; meanwhile parent selection is also discussed. At present the breeding of superhigh-yield combinations by using the heterosis of subspecies should aim at indica-Java cross. But the breeding of indica-japonica cross with more powerful heterosis and high yield should be conducted until the problem that the grain filling is unsatisfactory is solved. Rarsing the level of 'source' and 'course' of indica-japonica hybrid plants with plant shape breeding and physiologic breeding is a feasible way of resolving the grain filling problem in intersubspecific combinations.