作为方法论的理论与作为理论的方法论——以布尔迪厄的理论方法论为例

Theory as Methodology and Methodology as Theory——Taking Bourdieu's Theoretical Methodology as an Example

简述方法论可以称之为一种理论或理论方法论,而理论是否可以作为方法论应用于研究则是不确定的。为了分析方法论和理论之间的相互关系,采用概念分析法和个案研究方法展开论述。通过分析方法论和理论的概念,发现理论也具备了方法论的意义。以布尔迪厄的理论方法论为例进行具体分析,认为从方法论的角度来看,理论可以分为两种类型。一种是用来解释经验材料的应用型方法论;另一种是可以发展出新理论的启示型方法论。方法论和理论在抽象程度上处于同一层次。区分出应用型方法论、启示型方法论之后,才可以划分在不同的层次。

Methodology can be called a theory or theoretical methodology. Whether the theory can be applied as a methodology to research is uncertain. In order to analyze the relationship between the two methodology and theory,the concept analysis method and case study method are used to discuss. By analyzing the concept of methodology and theory,it is found that theory also has the significance of methodology. Taking Bourdieu’s theoretical methodology as an example,it is believed that the theory can be divided into two types from the perspective of methodology. One is the applied methodology used to explain empirical materials,and the other is the apocalyptic methodology that can be used to develop new theories. Methodology and theory are at the same level of abstraction. After distinguishing the applied methodology and the apocalyptic methodology,it can be divided into different levels.