高海拔地区人类胎盘的形态变化

Morphological Alterations in Human Placentae at High Altitude

胎盘是对胎儿的生长发育起关键作用的一个特殊的器官,认为胎盘在高海拔地区低压低氧环境下所发生的形态改变在海拔相关性宫内生长受限的发病机制中发挥重要的作用。本文基于国内外高原与平原地区人类胎盘形态差异研究的现状,总结了高海拔地区胎盘在大体和组织学层面所呈现的形态变化并分析了部分研究结果之间存在不一致性的原因,为研究世居高原人群免受海拔相关性宫内生长受限的机制提供参考资料。

The placenta is a special organ which is vital for the development of a fetus.It is considered that placental morphological alterations under hypobaric hypoxia at high altitude may play a vital role in the mechanism of altitude associated intrauterine growth restriction.Based on researches on morphological differences between in highland and lowland placentae,this paper summarized placental morphological alterations both in gross and histological level at high altitude and analyzed possible reasons behind some discrepancies among certain researches in order to provide reference materials for studying mechanism of ancestry-related protection against altitude associated intrauterine growth restriction among multi-generated highlanders.