论《奇酸记》的批评话语与主体意识

On the Critical Discourse and Subject Consciousness in the Story of Odd Sour

《奇酸记》是清代戏曲家李斗根据《金瓶梅》改编的一部戏曲作品,主要表达张竹坡的"苦孝"主题。作为该剧的主要批评者,防风馆客以文本细读的方式对该剧进行评点,阐释了作品的主旨,考订了音律的得失,探讨了戏曲改编与舞台实现的问题。从批评意识来看,防风馆客不仅在接受中完成了对作品的批评,而且以积极的姿态探讨从戏曲改编到舞台实现的整个艺术生产过程,主体意识明显。防风馆客在批评中推究作者之意,考察改编得失并传达其审美期待,是一种理性化的戏曲批评。作为一种"实际批评",防风馆客对《奇酸记》的评点对于探讨清代中期的戏曲批评及戏曲理论建构具有一定的范本意义。

The Story of Odd Sour,a drama mainly on the theme of Zhang Zhupo's filial duty,is adapted by Li Dou,a dramatist in Qing dynasty,on the base of The Golden Lotus. As the main critics in the play,Li,who called himself master of the House of Fang Feng,interpreted the theme of the play on the basis of close text reading,examined and made improvement to the melody and rhythm,and explored the adaptation of the drama and the problem of stage effect. Li not only finished his criticism on the play as a recipient,but also actively discussed the whole production process of art from the drama adaptation to the stage. In the process of his criticism,Li examined the intention of the author,investigated the gains and losses and conveyed his aesthetic expectations in a rational way. As a practical criticism,his comments set an example to drama criticism and the construction of drama theory in the mid-term of Qing dynasty.