美国生产工人实际工资变动趋势原因分析——激进经济学派的制度分析

An Analysis of the Trendency in the Change of Real Wages of American Workers——A Redical Institutional Perspective

20世纪 70年代以来 ,美国生产工人实际工资呈下降趋势。主流经济学采用传统的供求关系分析框架对此现象加以解释 ,他们提出两个观点 :一种观点是将工资下降和收入分配不平等的增长归因于经济对技能要求的变化 ,形成了一种“技能错配” ;另一种观点将工资下降和收入分配增长的不平等归因于全球化。但这两种观点对解释美国生产工人实际工资的下降存在明显的局限性。而激进经济学派提出的制度因素能够更合理地解释美国生产工人实际工资的下降。本文认为 ,制度因素是造成美国生产工人实际工资下降的主要原因。

Since the 1970s the real wage of the American workers in manufacturing industry has been declining. To explain this phenomenon the mainstream economists resort to the traditional theory of relationship between supply and demand, and have proposed two explanations. One attributes this to changes in requirement for skills by the economy, resulting in 'a mismatch of skills'. The other attributes the decline of wage and unbalanced increase to globalization. Both explanations have obvious limitations. However, the attribution to institutional factors by scholars on the radical camp sounds more reasonable. The author concludes that the institutional factors are the crucial causes for the decline of the real wage of the American workers in manufacturing industry.