新中国文学生产机制的建构和完成——五六十年代中国文学报刊管理考

Construction and Completion of the Production Mechanism of New China's Literature:A Study on the Management of Chinese Literature Periodicals in the 1950s and 1960s

1949年以后的文学"一体化",首先体现在作家队伍的重整,新作家的培养模式、表达方式的规范化,最后是整整一个时代文学趣味的改变,等等。而这些方面的实现,正是依赖报刊杂志这一重要的传播媒介的把控、改造而实现的。1951年丁玲讲话宣判了"同人刊物"传统的终结和现代色彩的"言论公共空间"消失。到了50年代中期,不要说创办民营的或同人性质的报刊,即使是文艺领导部门主管的机关刊物,也经常遭到批评和整顿。通过《文艺报》《人民文学》《说说唱唱》等重要刊物,以政治化、通俗化、时代感、政策性、作者的身份考量与选择、艺术形式与内容题材的权衡等措施与方式,新中国实现了对文学媒介的控制、规训,进而完成了中国当代文学新的生产和传播机制的构建。

After 1949, the 'integration' of literature was first embodied in the reorganization of writer teams, standardization of the cultivation mode of new writers and expression means(lyric mode and narrative) adopted by new writers, and finally, the change of literary taste of the whole age, and so on. The realization of these aspects relied on the control and transformation of newspapers and magazines which act as important media. Ding Ling’s speech in 1951 marked the end of the tradition of 'Tongren newspaper'(a kind of newspaper jointly run by members of the editorial department who are independence of government or political party. Their common proposition is the purpose of the newspaper they run) and the disappearance of 'public speech space' with modern color.