生殖系基因编辑技术干预的伦理与治理原则研究

Research on Ethics and Governance Principles of Germline Genome Editing Technology Intervention

基因编辑婴儿在华诞生事件引起了国内外学界和社会公众对该技术干预的高度关注。在这一领域,欧洲理事会生物伦理委员会与两次人类基因编辑峰会观点有差异。分析英国纳菲尔德生物伦理委员会和美国国家科学、工程与医学院基因编辑委员会的最新报告意见和有关研究成果,生殖系基因编辑技术干预在社会科学方面面临个人、社会和整个人类三个层次利益与风险的交叠,其在伦理与治理方面应遵循下列六项原则,即安全有效的福利增进、社会正义与团结的坚守、广泛包容的公共辩论、最大限度的监管透明、审慎负责的职业自律和平等对话的跨国合作。

The birth of genetically edited infants in China has attracted great attention from academia and the public at home and abroad.In this area,the views of the Council of Europe Bioethics Committee differ from those of the two Human Gene Editorial Summits.This paper analyses the latest report opinions and related research results of the Bioethics Committee of Naffield,UK and the Gene Editorial Committee of the National Science,Engineering and Medical College of the United States.The intervention of germline genome editing technology faces the overlap of interests and risks at the three levels of individual,society and the whole human being in social sciences.In terms of ethics and governance,it should follow the following six principles:safe and effective welfare promotion,adherence to social justice and solidarity,inclusive public debate,maximum transparency of supervision,prudent and responsible professional selfdiscipline and equal dialogue of transnational cooperation.