全球化背景下的个人破产立法——适用范围与成本收益分析

Study on the Legislation of Individual Bankruptcy in the Context of Globalization:analysis on the application scope,cost and benefit

在全球化背景下跨境资金与人员频繁流动的时代,个人破产法在债权的海外执行和财产的跨境追索方面,具有不可或缺的特殊功能与普通执行程序所无法取代的重要价值。为实现这一功能,各国往往有通过采用宽广的管辖权规则和宣告破产的域外效力两种途径扩宽破产法适用范围的现实需求与自在动力。在构建我国个人破产管辖权和效力规则时,应兼顾实际需要、国际惯例与破产普及主义的晚近发展,适度扩展个人破产法的适用范围。而合理的扩展既不与国际通行做法相悖,也不会使司法成本遽增,而是收益远超成本、推动社会福祉整体进步的行为。

In the era of a frequent movement of cross-border funds and personnel in the context of globalization,individual bankruptcy law has an indispensable function and an irreplaceable value that general execution cannot give.In order to realize this function,many countries often have two ways to enhance the realistic needs and the inner power of the scope of Bankruptcy Law.One is adopting wide jurisdictional rules,and the other is extraterritorial effects.When constructing individual bankruptcy jurisdiction and effective rules in China,we should take account of practical needs,international practices and the recent development of bankruptcy popularization,and moderately expand the scope of individual bankruptcy law.Meanwhile,a reasonable expanding is neither against the international practice,nor for the sharp increase of judicial cost.Instead,it will bring large benefit over cost and contribute to the social development of welfare.