“成片开发”征收决定公益目的的司法审查:比例原则的应用

Judicial Review of the Public Purpose of the Expropriation Decisions for Tract Development: the Application of Principle of Proportionality

《土地管理法修正案(草案)》将'成片开发'作为征收集体土地的情形之一,'成片开发'的受益主体具有特定性,具体情形下是否属于公共利益范畴仍需判断。司法是国家治理体系中的重要组成部分,在当前土地制度改革的背景下,应对征收决定公益目的司法控制功能进行补强。比例原则兼具'问题思考'与'体系思考'的特性,是促进国家权力结构平衡、调和公益与私利,达到实质正义的一种理性思考法则。比例原则内含的各阶段均以一定的事实审查作为基础,可以为'成片开发'公益目的的司法审查提供方法论指导,其审查步骤依次包括征收目的本身的正当性、征收目的实现的有效性、征收目的实现的必要性、公益目的与私益损失之间合乎比例。

The Draft Amendment of Land Administration Law prescribes'tract development'as one of the conditions for expropriating collective land.The beneficiaries of'tract development'are specific.Whether it is in line with the public welfare purpose under specific circumstances still needs to be judged.Justice is an important part of the national governance system.It’s necessary to strength the judicial control function of public purpose of the expropriation decisions for tract development in the context of current land system reform.Principle of proportionality has the characteristics of'problem thinking'and'system thinking'.It’s a rational thinking rule which could promote the balance of power structure,reconcile public interests and private interest,and achieve substantive justice.The steps of the principle of proportionality are all based on a certain factual review,which could provide methodological guidance for the judicial review of the purpose of public welfare in the case of tract development.The review steps in turn include the legitimacy of the purpose of the expropriation decision,the validity of the purpose of the expropriation decision,the necessity of achieving the purpose of the expropriation decision,and the proportionality between the purpose of public interest and the loss of private benefits.