不同专项运动员无氧代谢能力特征

Distinguishing features of anaerobic capacity in athletes with differ ent sports items

目的分析不同专项运动员的无氧代谢能力特征,以及无氧与有氧能力之间的关系,为无氧代谢能力的评价提供参考。方法采用改进的Wingate无氧试验测定江苏省级短跑(n=24)、中长跑(n=23)、场地自行车(n=11)、赛艇(n=18)运动员的无氧能力(按大功率,平均功量,疲劳度),用直接法测定其有氧能力。结果(1)最大功率(PP/kg)、平均功率(AP/kg),属于短距离项目的场地自行车犤(15.1±1.1)W/kg,(10.4±0.7)W/kg犦和短跑运动员犤(14.9±1.5)W/kg,(10.1±0.8)w/kg犦高于属于长距离项目的赛艇犤(11.8±2.8)W/kg,(9.1±0.5)w/kg犦和中长跑运动员犤(2.9±1.5)W/kg,(9.1±0.5)w/kg犦,除场地自行车与短跑运动员之间和赛艇与中长跑运动员之间无显著性差异外,其他各组间均有显著性差异。疲劳度中长跑(64±9)%/kg>场地自行车(60±5)%/kg大于赛艇(59±5)%/kg>短跑(53±4)%/kg运动员。结论不同专项运动员的无氧代谢能力存在一定的差异;相同的项目不同的距离间,相同的距离不同的项目间均不相同;无氧代谢能力与肌肉量有关;有氧能力和无氧能力之间无此消彼涨的负相关,而是协同增加的。

Aim To study the distinguishing features of anaerobic capacity of athle tes with different sports items and the relationship between anaerobic and aerob ic capacity as the basis of the evaluation for anaerobic capacity.Methods Twenty -four sprinters, twenty-three middle-distance racers, eleven cycle players an d eighteen gig players from Jiangxi province were selected to measure anaerobic capacity, including peak power (PP), average power (AP) and degree of fatigue, a nd aerobic capacity by Wingate Anaerobic Test and direct method respectively.Res ults The Wingate anaerobic test revealed that the PP and AP of the cycle athlete s and sprinters were (15.1±1.1)W/kg, (10.4±0.7)W/kg and (14.9±1.5)W/kg, (10.1 ±0.8)W/kg respectively, higher than those of the gig athletes[(11.8±2.8)W/kg and (9.1±0.5)W/kg]and middle-distance racers[(12.9±1.5)W/kg and (9.1±0.5)W/k g]. The degree of fatigue of the middle-distance racer was(64±9)%/kg, highe r than that of the cycle athletes[(60±5)%/kg],gig athletes[(59±5)%/kg] and sprinters[(53±4)%/kg] respectively.Conclusion There is a difference in anaerob ic capacity among different sports item athletes. Anaerobic capacity is closely related to the muscular mass, and not negatively correlated with aerobic capacit y.