国外天然气管输业的运营管理与发展动向

Operation, Management, and Development Trends of NG Pipeline Transportation Industries in Foreign Countries

天然气管输业是天然气工业的重要组成部分,各国政府十分重视天然气管输业的监管,设有专门的行业监管部门或机构,由法律确定其管辖权限或职责。管输费率是天然气管输业监管的重点之一,通常采用两部制(输能费和输量费)费率并按服务成本法制定。欧美国家天然气管输公司的专业性很强,其运营与管理的主要宗旨和目标是安全、按质、按量、准时、高效、低耗地向用户供气,使输气公司获得最高经济效益,股东获得最大回报并履行社会责任。在天然气管输业放松管制的趋势下,管输公司采取了多种方式降低成本、提高运营效率。借鉴和学习国外经验,建议我国设立专门的天然气行业监管部门或机构,统一管理全国天然气的产、供、输、配、销;制定全国天然气工业中长期发展战略;尽早规范或制定与天然气管输相关的法规或管理办法;对管输费率实行“回收成本、合理盈利”的管理办法,逐步推行管输费按输能费和输量费两部计收的办法;对天然气管输业实行税赋优惠政策,减轻下游消费者的负担。

The NG pipeline transportation sector is an important component of the NG industry. All governments attach great importance to the regulation of this sector and usually set up special regulatory bodies with rights and responsibilities stipulated by statute. Pipeline transport rate is an important element to be regulated within the pipeline transportation sector. The transport rate generally consists of two parts (transportation capacity rate and supply volume rate), and the rate is generally set according to service costs. European and American NG pipeline transport companies are mostly specialized companies. These companies commit themselves to an efficient, safe and punctual supply of quality gas, aiming to bring high economic returns while honoring particular social responsibilities. At a time when many governments are relaxing the regulation of the pipeline industry, companies are adopting various methods to reduce costs and improve efficiency. The author suggests that the government introduce foreign experience by establishing a special NG regulatory organization to regulate NG production, supply, transportation, distribution, and sales. The author also suggests making long or medium-term development strategies for the NG industry, standardizing laws and regulations designed to supervise NG pipeline transportation, adopt a regulatory regime characterized by 'guaranteeing cost recovery and reasonable profits' for establishing pipeline transportation rates, gradually implementing a two-part pricing system (transportation capacity rate and supply volume rate), and imposing preferential tax policy for the NG pipeline transportation sector to relieve the burden of downstream consumers.