试论系统分析

On System Analysis

本文提出,系统分析可以当作一个认知发展过程,在这过程中,如何提高抽象思维能力是至关重要的。分类活动是进行抽象思维的一种形式,在人类认知发展过程中它经历了三个发展阶段,即基于图形的分类,按相似形分类和以类运算为基础的分类等三个阶段。以类运算为基础的分类属于形式运算,而其它两种分类则只是一种具体运算。文章讨论了三种抽象机制:聚集、归类和联合。事实上,这些抽象机制就是进行概念分类的重要手段。文章还进一步介绍了如何运用上述抽象机制构造模拟现实世界的语义模型。最后给出了一组语义模型的例子,帮助读者理解有关的抽象机制。

The paper suggests that system analysis could be regarded as a process of cognitive development,in which how to promote abilities of abst- ract thinking is crucial important.The classification operation is a mode for proceeding abstract thinking.In the process of human cognitive development there are three phasis passed through.Objects are classified in various phases respectively by pictures,or by similarity,or at the fundament of types.The type—based classification is a sort of formal operation,while the others are but of concrete operations.The paper deals with three abstract mechanisms: aggregation,generalization and association.In fact,these abstract mechanis- ms are main means for making conceptual classification.The paper further intruduces how to construct a semantic model to describe real world with the above abstract mechanisms.At the end,the paper yet shows a set of examp- les to help readers to comprchend abstract mechanisms concerned.