粳稻稻米外观和碾磨品质性状与植株农艺性状的遗传关系分析

Analysis of Genetic Relationship between Appearance Quality Traits or Milling Quality Traits and Plant Agronomic Traits of Japonica Rice

研究了不同环境条件下粳稻稻米外观品质、碾磨品质与植株农艺性状间的遗传关系。结果表明 ,糙米长、糙米宽、垩白率、透明度等外观品质性状以及糙米率、精米率、整精米率等碾磨品质性状与大多数植株农艺性状间存在极显著的正向或负向协方差。稻米外观品质性状与单株穗数、千粒重等性状间主要表现为遗传主效应协方差 ,垩白率、透明度与株高、剑叶长等性状间则以基因型×环境互作效应协方差为主 ;碾磨品质性状与剑叶长、剑叶宽等性状间以遗传主效应协方差为主 ,与穗长则主要表现为基因型×环境互作效应协方差。在遗传主效应协方差中 ,品质性状与植株农艺性状间以母体加性协方差或细胞质协方差为主 ,在基因型×环境互作效应协方差中 ,两类性状间以母体加性互作协方差或细胞质互作协方差为主。研究粳稻稻米品质与植株农艺性状间的遗传关系 。

Analysis of genetic relationship was made between appearance quality traits or milling quality traits and plant agronomic traits of japonica rice under different environments. The results indicated that significant positive or negative genotypic covariance was found between appearance quality traits, including brown rice length (BRL), brown rice width (BRW), chalkiness rate (CR) and translucency (TR), or milling quality traits, including brown rice recovery (BRR), milled rice recovery (MRR) and head milled rice recovery (HMRR), and most plant agronomic traits, including plant height (PH), flag leaf length (FLL), flag leaf width (FLW), panicle length (PL), panicles per plant (PPP), grains per panicle (GPP), seed setting rate (SSR) and 1000 grain weight (TGW). The genetic main covariance was the major part of genotypic covariance between appearance quality traits and PPP or TGW, but the genotype×environment (GE) interaction covariance was the major part of genotypic covariance between CR or TR and PH or FLL. The genetic main covariance was the major part between milling quality traits and FLL or FLW, but the GE interaction covariance was the major one between milling quality traits and PL in genotypic covariance. Maternal additive covariance or cytoplasmic covariance was the major part for the genetic main covariance between quality traits and plant agronomic traits, and maternal additive interaction covariance or cytoplasmic interaction covariance was also the major part in GE interaction covariance. The genetic relationships between quality traits and plant agronomic traits were applicable for the simultaneous improvement of these traits in japonica rice breeding.