两系杂交小麦杂种优势、配合力及遗传距离分析

Analysis of Heterosis, Combining Ability and Genetic Distance in Hybrid Wheat with Dual-Purpose Genie Male Sterility

通过对15个亲本及其不完全双列杂交组配的56个杂种F_1的5个性状进行杂种优势、配合力与遗传距离分析,以研究两系杂交小麦强优势组合的选配规律及其亲本的利用价值。结果表明:(1)5个性状均表现正向中亲优势,其大小顺序为:株粒重>穗粒数>株穗数>千粒重>株高,其中株粒重、穗粒数、株穗数的超高亲优势和超对照优势均为正值;(2)强优势组合的产生是产量构成因素优势相互补充与积累的结果;(3)根据遗传距离的大小,15个亲本可划分为五大类群,不育系与恢复系完全划分为不同的类群;(4)在亲本选配上,选择一般配合力和特殊配合力效应方差综合表现较好、遗传距离中等者为佳。

In order to study the selection of combination with strong heterosis and the use of their parents, the heterosis, combining ability and genetic distance were studied with 56 hybrids from a 8×7 incomplete diallel cross and their parents. The results showed: (1) The heterosis over mid-parent was positive in 5 characters, its order was grain weight / plant > kernel number /head > head number / plant > 1000-kernel weight >plant height. The crosses had positive heterosis over high-parent and over the check in grain weight /plant, kernel number / head and head number / plant ( (2) The crosses with strong heterosis were the results of the heterosis of their yield components, which supplied and accumulated each other; (3) According to the genetic distances, 15 parents could be divided into 5 groups. The sterile line and restoring line were completely divided into different group; (4) It was better to select parents with higher GCA and SCA variance and middling genetic distance.