冬小麦品质与产量性状的遗传分析

Genetic Analysis of Quality and Yield Characters in Winter Wheat

为了选育高产优质小麦新品种,选用黄淮南片大面积推广的5个高产小麦品种与5个优质小麦品种,采用5×5不完全双列杂交方法配制25个杂交组合,对冬小麦主要农艺性状和品质性状的配合力和遗传力进行了分析。结果表明,株高、主茎穗长、单穗粒数、单株产量的遗传均受加性和非加性基因共同控制,单株穗数主要由非加性基因控制,沉淀值主要由加性基因控制。株高、主茎穗长、单株产量和沉淀值的广义和狭义遗传力均较高,宜在早代选择。内乡188、豫展1号、豫麦34多数性状的一般配合力都较高,是理想的亲本材料,应在今后育种中重点利用。

In order to obtain wheat varieties with high yield and high quality, the combination ability and the genetic ability of the main agronomic characters and the quality characters of 5 high yield and 5 high quality wheat cultivars from the south of Huang-huai winter wheat area were analyzed, using 25 hybrid combinations from the 5×5 incompleted dialled. The results showed that plant height, spike length, grains per spike and grain yield per plant were mainly controlled by additive and non-additive genes. Spikes per plant was controlled by non-additive genes. Sedimentation value was controlled by additive genes. The genetic abilities of plant height, spike length , grain yield per plant and sedimentation value were higher, and these characters could be selected in the early generations. Neixiang 188, Yuzhan 1 and Yumai 34 had been proved to be ideal parents because of their high combintion ability.