1997～2001年我国小麦条锈菌生理小种变化动态

Pathogenic changes of stripe rust fungus of wheat in China during 1997-2001

1997～ 2 0 0 1年采自我国 13个省和自治区的主要生产品种和重要抗源上的小麦条锈菌标样 4 0 0 8份 ,其鉴定结果基本反映了这期间我国小麦条锈菌生理小种的变化状况。 1997年发现了水源 11致病类型 13和 14 ,2 0 0 1年把原Hybrid 4 6致病类型 3(HY 3)命名为条中 32号。这期间共监测到 4 1个小种和致病类型 ,每年都能监测到的小种和致病类型有 32个 ,为条中 17、19、2 1、2 2、2 3、2 5、2 6、2 8号 ,洛 10 2 ,条中 2 9,洛 13 2、3,条中 30、31、32 ,Hybrid 4 6 4、5、6、7、8,水源 11 2、3、4、5、6、7、8、10、11、12、13和 14。条中2 9、30、31、32号为主要流行小种。 1997～ 2 0 0 0年间条中 31号位居第一 ,出现频率为 10 .8%～ 13.5 % ,其次为条中 32号 (4 .8%～11.7% ) ,由于条中 32号逐年持续上升 ,2 0 0 1年超过条中 31号而位居第一。其次是条中 2 9和 30号 ,两者出现频率基本相当 ,1997～ 1999年条中 2 9号略高位第 3(3.3%～ 4 .0 % ) ,条中 30号位第 4 (2 .6 %～ 3.3% ) ,2 0 0 0～ 2 0 0 1年 ,条中 30号略高位第 3(3.6 %～7.3% ) ,条中 2 9号位第 4 (2 .7%～ 3.1% )。出现频率较高的还有条中 2 3号、2 5号、2 6号、2 8号和Hybrid 4 6 4、5、7、8,水源 11 3、4、5、7、11、13和 14 ,其它为?

Four thousand and eight samples collected from 13 provinces (autonomous regions) in China during 1997-2001 were identified on 17 differential hosts, namely Trigo Eureka ( Yr6 ), Fulhard, Lutescens 128, Mentana, Virgilio, Abbondanza, Early Premium, Funo ( YrA ), Danish 1 ( Yr3 ), Jubilejina 2, Fengchan 3 ( Yr1 ), Lovrin13 ( Yr9 ), Kangyin 655, Shuiyuan 11, Zhong 4, Lovrin10 ( Yr9 ) and Hybrid 46 ( Yr3b+4b ). Shuiyuan11 type 13 and 14 were found in 1997, and Hybrid 46 type 3 was renamed CYR 32 in 2001. During this period, 41 races and pathotypes were detected, and CYR17, 19, 21, 22, 23, 25, 26, 28, Lovrin10 2, CYR29, Lovrin13 2, 3, CYR30, 31, 32, Hybrid 46 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, Shuiyuan11 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 10, 11, 12, 13 and 14 can be found every year. CYR31 (10.8%-13.5%) and CYR32 (4.8%-11.7%) were the first and second predominant races during 1997-2000, and CYR32 reached the frequency of over 28%. In 2001 they became the most prevalent race. Basically, CYR29 and CYR30 have similar frequency rangesof2.6%-7.3%.Inaddition,CYR23,25,26,28,Hybrid46 4,5,7,8,Shuiyuan11 3,4,5,7,11,13and14were the common races with relatively low frequencies. All races and pathotypes could be detected in over summering regions located in Gansu and Sichuan Provinces where high diversity of virulence exists in Puccinia striiformis population. Furthermore, Hybrid 46 and Shuiyuan11 pathotypes showed high frequencies of 78.5%, 80.2%, 76.6%, 78.7% and 87.4% during 1997-2001, thus the pathosystem of stripe rust was not stable. This phenomen was closely related to the low diversity of resistant genes in Chinese wheat population with 80% Lovrin (containing Yr9 ) and Fan 6 derivatives.