长江中上游林业经济活动的外部性与区域可持续发展研究

A Study on the Externalities of Forestry Economy Activities in Yangtse River's Upper and Middle Reaches and Regions'Sustainable Development

对于微观经济主体和区域经济来讲,林业经济具有较强的外部性。作为追求效用最大化的微观经济主体和区域来讲,一般的选择是使自己的经济行为产生负的外部性,而让他人或者其他区域去承担相应的外部性成本。这是长江中上游多年以来水土流失加剧,生态不断恶化的深层原因,因此长江流域的生态治理与可持续发展,必须使外部性内部化。其背后的政策是不仅要对产生正外部性的微观经济主体进行补贴,而且要实行区域之间的财政转移支付制度,同时还要创新产权制度,使区域内的微观经济主体的外部性得以内部化。

For microeconomic main bodies, forestry economy has relatively strong externalities. But for these chasing maximum utility function ones, the general choice is to make their economy activities produce negative externalities and let others or other regions to pay for the corresponding cost. And this is the deep reason why the Yangtse River valley's soil erosion keeps exacerbating and the ecology keeps deteriorating. So, to resume the ecology of the Yangtse River valley to gain sustainable development, the externalities must be internalized. To do this, not only the policies suggesting subsidy to microeconomic main bodies who produce positive externalities are needed, but also the systems of fiscal transfer payment among regions need to be carried out, at the same time the property right system should be innovated.