玉米胚的营养成分及其控制体重、预防心肌病变作用研究

目的:研究玉米胚的营养成分以及对大、小鼠体重、存活率及心脏病变等生长状况的影响。方法:对玉米胚的营养素、微量元素、氨基酸组成进行了分析;用高脂饲料造成鼠类衰老模型,实验组在高脂饲料中加入10%或15%的玉米胚,以Wistar雄性大鼠和瑞士雄性小鼠的长期或终生喂养,观察对比各组鼠类的体重及月别存活率和平均存活率,并对死亡大鼠作病理检查,统计心肌病变率。结果:玉米胚中蛋白质、脂肪、碳水化合物、灰份、水分及膳食纤维含量(%)分别为15.2、11.7、52.5、7.0、1.6和12.0,而且含有丰富的维生素与微量元素,其亚油酸与必需氨基酸含量也很高。实验组与高脂模型组比较,大、小鼠体重与心肌病变率极其显著降低(p<0.01),平均存活率明显升高(p<0.01或p<0.05)。结论:玉米胚具有很高的营养价值,可以控制动物体重,预防心肌病变,提高各年龄段的存活率,是丰富的保健食品资源。

Objection: To study nutritive compositions of maize embryo and the effects on controlling body weight, preventingmyocardium pathological changes of rats and mice. Methods: An animal model of aging was established by treating Wistar ratsand Swiss mice with feeds containing high lipids. The feeds contained 10% or 15% maize embryo were fed to rats or mice of theexperimental group for long periods and all their life. The body weights of every week, subsistence rate of every month andaverage subsistence rate, myocardium pathological changes rate for died rats etc were observed. Results: (1) Maize embryocontained protein 15.2%,lipid 11.7%,carbohydrate 52.5%,ash 1.6%,water12%,food fiber 12%,linoleic acid 7.0% and plentifulminerals, trace elements, vitamins. The amino acids analysis of maize embryo proved that the essential amino acids contentswere close to model of FAO/WHO.(2)Comparing with model group, the body weights and the myocardium pathological changesrate of the experimental group markedly decreased (p<0.01),and the average subsistence rate markedly increased (p<0.01 or p<0.05).Conclusion: Maize embryo was rich in protein resources with high nutritive value. It proved that the maize embryo hadeffects on controlling body weight, increasing average subsistence rate, and decreasing myocardium pathological changes rate.There fore maize embryo should be a kind of new and rich nutritive resources of the health foods.