艾维茵肉鸡和黄羽肉鸡脂肪和肌肉细胞生长发育规律研究

Study on Growth and Development of Adipose and Muscular Tissue in Avian and Orfeather Broilers

以艾维茵肉鸡和黄羽肉鸡各100羽为试验材料,在第3、6、9、12和16周龄时每品种随机抽宰3公3母,采取胸肌、腿肌和脂肪垫组织样品进行HE染色、石蜡包埋及切片后,在10×40倍显微镜下进行观察并测定脂肪细胞和肌纤维细胞直径。结果表明,脂肪细胞增殖与生长的分布图在9周龄前呈双峰分布,此后为单峰;艾维茵肉鸡胸肌纤维直径9周前为单峰,以后双峰或三峰分布,黄羽肉鸡胸肌纤维直径始终为双峰分布。腿肌纤维直径分布,两种鸡在3和6周龄时均为单峰,9周以后为多峰分布。说明主效基因可能在脂肪细胞和肌纤维增殖过程中发挥作用,并有活跃期和关闭期;肌纤维细胞直径增长遗传机理与脂肪细胞直径增长相同,但肌纤维直径增长的主效基因关闭和启动可能具有品种和部位的特异性。

100 Avian and Orfeather broilers as trial materials,3 male and 3 female broilers were slaughted randomly at 3th,9th,12th and 16th week respectively.Breast and leg muscular tissue and fat pad were sampled,which were dyed with H.E.wraped with paraffin and sectioned.Slices were observed under 400time microscope,and diameter of adipocyte and muscle fiber were determined.The results showed that adipocyte diameter of development and growth distributed as a double peak before 9 weeks of age,but a single peak after a weeks of age.The diameter of breast muscle fiber of Avian broilers distributed as a single peak before 9 weeks of age but double or triple after 9 weeks of age;However,the constant single peak distribution of breast muscle fiber diameter was noted in Orfeather broilers throughout the experiment.The leg muscle fiber diameter of two breeds distributed as a single pesk at the age of 3 and 6 week,and multipeak after 9 weeks of age,It's illustrated that major gene might act on the process of adipocyte and muscle fiber multiplication and had active period and shutdown period.The genetic mechanism of muscle fiber diameter was identical with adipocyte,but major gene shutdown and promotion of muscle fiber diameter had distinctive characteristic of breed and location.