美国外资R&D的空间集聚特征

Geographical Agglomeration of the Foreign-Owned R&DFacilities in U.S.A.

本文考察美国境内的715家外资R＆D机构的空间分布和集聚现象,发现美国的外资R＆D机构高度集中在三类地区;一是以硅谷和研究三角园区为代表的科技园区,二是纽约等经济中心城市,三是以底特律为代表的专业化工业城市。不同地区的外资R＆D机构的行业结构与当地的优势行业完全一致,如硅谷的外资R＆D机构主要是从事计算机技术的研发,底特律的外资R＆D全部是从事汽车工业或与之有关技术的研发,纽约、洛杉矶和芝加哥的外资R&D机构所从事的行业则呈现与各城市优势行业一致的多样性。

Based on information on 715 foreign-owned R&D facilities in U. S. , this paper examines the location and geographical agglomeration of the facilities. Foreign-owned R&D facilities in U. S. are highly concentrated in certain areas. California ranks the first with the number of foreign-owned R&D facilities with 188, followed by New Jersey with 67, Michigan with 41, and Ohio with 40. The largest agglomerations of the R&D facilities are in science parks, such as Silicon Valley, the Research Triangle Park and the Route 128 around Boston. Another major clusters of R&D centers are located in some metropolitan areas such as New York, Los Angles and Chicago. Some areas are highly specialized in certain industries, such as Detroit, for automotives R&D laboratories.