环境政策决定过程中的公共选择

Public Choices in the Decision Process of Environmental Policy

本文试图运用博弈理论,通过建立一个简单的游说-竞选模型,来分析西方国家的环境政策与其所特有的政治制度之间的关系。得出的结论是,西方国家的环境政策之所以较多地采用数量管制这一手段,是因为在其所谓的民主制度下,政治家与利益集团之间形成的一种政治均衡所致。由此,我们认为,西方政治模式下的环境政策,很难达到社会福利的最大化。所以,在借鉴国外包括环境政策在内的许多政策时,必须考虑到各个国家的政治背景,才能制定出真正适合我国国情、符合广大人民利益的政策。

This text attempts to use gametheory to study the relationship between the environmental policies and the particular political institution of western countries through setting up a simple lobbyingelectoral competition model.It reaches the conclusion that the quantity control is more adopoted in the environmental policies of western countries ,because in the socalled democratic institution,it is formed by a kind of political equilibrium between statesmen and interest groups.Therefore,it holds that it is very difficult for the environmental policy in the western political model to reach the maximization of social welfare.It is impossible to formulate an effective environmental policy unless a state power which really accords with the interests of people is established.