论张舜徽评判清学的双重标准

On Zhang Shun-hui's Double-Criteria for Evaluating Qing Dynasty's Science

本文通过论述张舜徽评价清学流变的双重标准 ,剖析了学术经世与学术求真的内在价值冲突以及近代以来学者在这一问题上的思想困惑 ,并对各自的价值意义作了评说。张舜徽肯定清初、清末学术经世的特点 ,但对于学术经世的立场 ,他更愿意选择清初学人以学术作为经世的内在支撑 ,而对清末经世思潮中出现的以政治作为学术取舍的标准、凡不为所用便诋为无用以及借学术以影射政治、不惜牺牲学术的客观真实性不能赞同。对于乾嘉学术张舜徽表现出十分矛盾的心态 。

Based on the elaboration of the double criteria which was used, by Zhang Shun hui, to evaluate the academic changes in Qing Dynasty, this thesis analyzes the intrinsic conflicts between the value of 'science for practice' and that of 'science for truth', and the scholars' confusions of this problem from modern times on. It also remarks on the values respectively. Zhang affirmed the traits of 'science serving practice' in the early and the late Qing Dynasty, but in terms of the standpoints, he inclined to accept the scholars' ideas of using learning as the interior guide to practice in the early Qing Dynasty, and disagreed on the idea of using politics as the criterion for making choices between learning, and the idea about which something is not used would be called futility, and then the idea of using learning to allude politics, and the idea of sacrificing the impersonality in the trend of thoughts of serving practice in the late Qing Dynasty. As for the learning in the time of Qianlong and Jiaqing, Zhang's attitude was contradictive, which was full of the value conflicts between the value of learning for practice and that of learning for truth.